Brexit brought new challenges to the pharmaceutical industry, one of them being the special situation of Northern Ireland (NI), which, although part of the UK, remained subject to EU law under the NI Protocol. Pharmaceutical products placed on the NI market had to comply with EU law. For import purposes this created de facto an EU border between NI and the rest of the UK (namely England, Wales, and Scotland). The Windsor Framework provides a new set of arrangements to restore the smooth flow of trade within the UK.