The European Commission has proposed a new Critical Medicines Act aimed at reinforcing the security of supply and ensuring the availability of critical medicines and medicines of common interest across the EU. The Act introduces new obligations for pharmaceutical companies such as enhanced supply chain transparency, mandatory stockpiling, and regular reporting obligations. At the same time, it creates opportunities for investment and funding to expand EU-based manufacturing, diversify supply chains, and foster innovation. By shifting procurement practices to include award criteria beyond price considerations by prioritizing quality, supply security, and EU production, the Act aims to address vulnerabilities in the current supply system and reduce reliance on third countries. However, to avoid becoming another layer of red tape for industry, a final Critical Medicines Act must carefully balance new regulatory requirements with the need to maintain competitiveness and support a resilient, innovative pharmaceutical sector.