Entries by Zina Chatzidimitriadou

31 08 '26

Is my product a medical device? EU Court judgment clarifies that the test includes objective function and intended purpose, and provides guidance relevant to software and AI-enabled tools

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The recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or the Court) in Case C-427/24, Diagramm Halbach clarifies the key principles for determining whether a product falls within the definition of a medical device and will be subject to the EU medical device regime. Crucially, the CJEU held that this analysis includes an assessment of both the manufacturer’s intended purpose of the product and whether the product objectively performs functions for a specific medical purpose listed in Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/745, the Medical Devices Regulation (MDR).

26 08 '26

UK Looks To Modernize Medicines And Medical Device Regulation In The Era Of AI

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A landmark program designed to deepen the regulatory partnership between the UK and the U.S., a regulatory ‘sandbox’ for AI as a medical device, evidence-gathering on AI regulation in healthcare, a consultation on a draft Rare Disease Therapies Regulatory Framework and the launch of the largest package of UK clinical trial reforms in over 20 years – Sidley’s Dr. Chris Boyle and Zina Chatzidimitriadou bring you up to date with developments at the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the first half of 2026.

10 12 '25

What the U.S.–UK Drug Pricing Agreement Reveals About How MFN Drug Policy Could Impact the UK and EU

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The new U.S.–UK agreement in principle on pharmaceutical pricing offers more than tariff relief and adjusted UK drug pricing and reimbursement measures – it provides an early window into how U.S. Most Favored Nation (MFN) policies may interact with UK and EU policy to shape drug pricing, launch strategies, and investment across Europe. Sidley’s transatlantic team breaks down what this means for manufacturers and explains why the continued focus on MFN and other drug pricing policy initiatives that is anticipated through the first half of 2026 is likely to be of major significance to manufacturers both in the U.S. and in Europe.

28 08 '25

EU Pharma Review: Trilogue negotiations under the shadow of U.S. MFN pricing

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The coming months will be crucial for the so-called “Pharma Package”, the largest revision of EU pharmaceutical law since 1965. So-called “trilogue” negotiations are being held between the European Commission (“Commission”), the European Parliament (“Parliament”) and the Council of the European Union (“Council”), based on documents showing their positions (see draft Pharmaceutical Directive (“PD”) and draft Pharmaceutical Regulation (“PR”) published on 17 June 2025). Will the Pharma Package make the EU more competitive as has been claimed, despite reducing and ‘modulating’ IP rights and regulatory exclusivities? The stakes are high. For one of the proposals being considered (obliging companies to launch in all EU Member States), the stakes have been raised further by the growing risk that the U.S. administration will use prices in certain EU Member States as a “Most Favored Nation” (“MFN”) benchmark for U.S. prices. Maarten Meulenbelt, Josefine Sommer, Chris Boyle and Zina Chatzidimitriadou discuss the EU institutions’ trilogue positions in the context of broader legal, economic and political changes.

22 10 '24

European Regulator Clarifies Guidance on the Use of AI in the Medicinal Product Lifecycle

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The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has published a final reflection paper on the use of AI in the drug lifecycle, which provides important insights into the expectations from the EMA to clinical trial sponsors, as well as marketing authorization (MA) applicants and holders who use AI systems. Josefine Sommer and Zina Chatzidimitriadou explain.

19 03 '24

EU’s Overhaul Of Pharma Legislation Amended With Uneasy IP Compromises

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On March 19, 2024, a set of 100 “Compromise Amendments” to the European Commission’s far-reaching overhaul of the EU’s rules for medicines, the Pharmaceutical Review, was adopted by the European Parliament’s ENVI Committee. Maarten Meulenbelt, Chris Boyle and Zina Chatzidimitriadou explain the main changes, associated risks, and next steps.